A brief review on premenstrual syndrome with common menstrual diseases
Abstract
The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is often associated with emotional and physical symptoms that characterize premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a common cyclic condition affecting women in their young and middle reproductive years. Symptoms may include low mood, mood swings, headaches, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and breast tenderness. Women with mild symptoms should be educated about healthy eating, reducing sodium and caffeine intake, engaging in regular exercise, and practicing stress-management techniques. Among all menstrual-related disorders, PMS contributes significantly to physical and psychological disruptions in women and their families. Approximately 90% of reproductive-age women report experiencing at least one symptom in the days preceding menstruation. These symptoms can influence behavior and overall well-being, affecting social, professional, and family life. Supportive strategies, such as maintaining a symptom diary, can assist in diagnosis and management. Treatment for mild PMS includes lifestyle modifications and, when necessary, pharmacological interventions. Nutritional supplements such as evening primrose oil and calcium may offer modest benefits. PMS affects an estimated 30–40% of women of reproductive age, although the severity and impact on daily functioning vary widely. In many developing countries, including India, menstruation is stigmatized, which often prevents women from seeking appropriate care for their physical and emotional symptoms.
Keywords:
Premenstrual syndrome, Menstrual cycle, Luteal phase, Women’s health, Symptom management, Psychosocial impactDOI
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